% article.sty 16-Mar-88
%terry's modified article for tight spaces.  also set up for two column mode

\typeout{Document Style `article' <16 Mar 88>.}

\makeatletter
\def\@ptsize{10} \@namedef{ds@11pt}{\def\@ptsize{11}}
\@namedef{ds@9pt}{\def\@ptsize{9}}
\@namedef{ds@12pt}{\def\@ptsize{12}} 
\def\ds@twoside{\@twosidetrue \@mparswitchtrue} \def\ds@draft{\overfullrule
5pt} 
\@options
\input tart\@ptsize.sty\relax

\def\labelenumi{\theenumi.} 
\def\theenumi{\arabic{enumi}} 
\def\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
\def\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}
\def\p@enumii{\theenumi}
\def\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.}
\def\theenumiii{\roman{enumiii}}
\def\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
\def\labelenumiv{\theenumiv.}
\def\theenumiv{\Alph{enumiv}} 
\def\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}

\def\labelitemi{$\bullet$}
\def\labelitemii{\bf --}
\def\labelitemiii{$\ast$}
\def\labelitemiv{$\cdot$}

\def\verse{\let\\=\@centercr 
 \list{}{\itemsep\z@ \itemindent -1.5em\listparindent \itemindent 
 \rightmargin\leftmargin\advance\leftmargin 1.5em}\item[]}
\let\endverse\endlist
\def\quotation{\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em
 \itemindent\listparindent
 \rightmargin\leftmargin \parsep 0pt plus 1pt}\item[]}
\let\endquotation=\endlist
\def\quote{\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}\item[]}
\let\endquote=\endlist
\makeatletter
\def\descriptionlabel#1{\hspace\labelsep \bf #1}
\def\description{\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin
 \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}
\let\enddescription\endlist


\def\theequation{\arabic{equation}}
\font\tenhv  = phvb at 10pt
\font\tenhv  = phvb at 10pt
%\font\tenhv  = phvb7t at 10pt

% eleven point times bold required for second-order headings 
% \font\elvbf  = cmbx10 scaled 1100
\font\elvbf  = ptmb scaled 1100

\def\titlepage{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
 \else \newpage \fi \thispagestyle{empty}\c@page\z@}
\def\endtitlepage{\if@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi}

\arraycolsep 5pt \tabcolsep 6pt \arrayrulewidth .4pt \doublerulesep 2pt 
\tabbingsep \labelsep 

\fboxsep = 3pt \fboxrule = .4pt 

\newcounter{part}
\newcounter {section}
\newcounter {subsection}[section]
\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph]

\def\thepart{\Roman{part}} \def\thesection {\arabic{section}}
\def\thesubsection {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}
\def\thesubsubsection {\thesubsection .\arabic{subsubsection}}
\def\theparagraph {\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}}
\def\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\arabic{subparagraph}}

\def\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
\def\@tocrmarg {2.55em}
\def\@dotsep{4.5}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}

\def\tableofcontents{\section*{Contents\@mkboth{CONTENTS}{CONTENTS}}
 \@starttoc{toc}}
\def\l@part#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}
 \addvspace{2.25em plus 1pt} \begingroup
 \@tempdima 3em \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth \parfillskip
-\@pnumwidth 
 {\large \bf \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
 \nobreak \endgroup}
\def\l@section#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty} \addvspace{1.0em plus 1pt}
\@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup
 \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth 
 \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth 
 \bf \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip #1\nobreak\hfil
\nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
 \endgroup}
\makeatletter 
\def\subsubsubsection{\paragraph}
\def\subsubsubsubsection{\subparagraph}
\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
\def\listoffigures{\section*{List of Figures\@mkboth
 {LIST OF FIGURES}{LIST OF FIGURES}}\@starttoc{lof}}
\def\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\def\listoftables{\section*{List of Tables\@mkboth
 {LIST OF TABLES}{LIST OF TABLES}}\@starttoc{lot}}
\let\l@table\l@figure


\def\thebibliography#1{\section*{References\@mkboth
 {REFERENCES}{REFERENCES}}\list
 {[\arabic{enumi}]}{\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}\leftmargin\labelwidth
 \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
 \usecounter{enumi}}
 \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
 \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
 \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\let\endthebibliography=\endlist
 

\newif\if@restonecol
\def\theindex{\@restonecoltrue\if@twocolumn\@restonecolfalse\fi
\columnseprule \z@
\columnsep 35pt\twocolumn[\section*{Index}]
 \@mkboth{INDEX}{INDEX}\thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
 \parskip\z@ plus .3pt\relax\let\item\@idxitem}
\def\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 40pt}
\def\subitem{\par\hangindent 40pt \hspace*{20pt}}
\def\subsubitem{\par\hangindent 40pt \hspace*{30pt}}
\def\endtheindex{\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
\def\indexspace{\par \vskip 10pt plus 5pt minus 3pt\relax}

\def\footnoterule{\kern-3\p@ 
 \hrule width .4\columnwidth 
 \kern 2.6\p@} 

\long\def\@makefntext#1{\parindent 1em\noindent 
 \hbox to 1.8em{\hss$^{\@thefnmark}$}#1}


\setcounter{topnumber}{2}
\def\topfraction{.9}
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{1}
\def\bottomfraction{.3}
\setcounter{totalnumber}{3}
\def\textfraction{.1}
\def\floatpagefraction{.5}
\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2}
\def\dbltopfraction{.8}
\def\dblfloatpagefraction{.5}

\newlength{\@ctmp}
\newlength{\@figindent}
\setlength{\@figindent}{1pc}

\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{
   \vskip 10pt
   \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{\tenhv\noindent #1.~#2} 
   \setlength{\@ctmp}{\hsize}
   \addtolength{\@ctmp}{-\@figindent}\addtolength{\@ctmp}{-\@figindent} 
   % IF longer than one indented paragraph line
   \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\@ctmp
      % THEN set as an indented paragraph
      \begin{list}{}{\leftmargin\@figindent \rightmargin\leftmargin} 
         \item[]%\tenhv 
	#1.~#2\par
      \end{list}
   \else
      % ELSE center
      \hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil} 
   \fi}

% \long\def\@makecaption#1#2{
%  \vskip 10pt 
%  \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{\ss \bf #1: #2}% sanserif bf font
%  \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize {\ss \bf #1: #2}\par \else \hbox
% to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil} 
%  \fi}


\newcounter{figure}
\def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
\def\fps@figure{tbp}
\def\ftype@figure{1}
\def\ext@figure{lof}
\def\fnum@figure{Figure \thefigure}
\def\figure{\@float{figure}}
\let\endfigure\end@float
\@namedef{figure*}{\@dblfloat{figure}}
\@namedef{endfigure*}{\end@dblfloat}
\newcounter{table}
\def\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
\def\fps@table{tbp}
\def\ftype@table{2}
\def\ext@table{lot}
\def\fnum@table{Table \thetable}
\def\table{\@float{table}}
\let\endtable\end@float
\@namedef{table*}{\@dblfloat{table}}
\@namedef{endtable*}{\end@dblfloat}



\def\maketitle{\par
 \setcounter{footnote}{1}
 \begingroup
   \def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{0}}
   \def\@makefnmark{\hbox   
       to 0pt{$^{\@thefnmark}$\hss}}   
   \if@twocolumn               
     \twocolumn[\@maketitle]   
     \else \newpage
     \global\@topnum\z@        % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
     \@maketitle \fi\thispagestyle{plain}\@thanks
 \endgroup
 \let\maketitle\relax
 \let\@maketitle\relax
 \gdef\@thanks{}\gdef\@author{}\gdef\@title{}\let\thanks\relax}

\def\@maketitle{\newpage
 \null
\vspace{-.35truein} \begin{center}
 {\LARGE \bf \@title \par} \vskip 1em {\large \lineskip .5em
\if!\@subtitle!\else {\Large \bf\boldmath
  \vskip -.65cm
  \pretolerance=10000
  \@subtitle \par}\vskip .8cm\fi
\begin{tabular}[t]{c}\@author \\
 {\small\rm\institutename}
 \end{tabular}} 
 \end{center}
 \par
 \vskip .5em} 
\def\abstract{\if@twocolumn
\section*{Abstract}
\else \small 
\begin{center}
{\bf Abstract\vspace{-.5em}\vspace{0pt}} 
\end{center}
\quotation 
\fi}
\def\endabstract{\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi}

\mark{{}{}} 

\if@twoside \def\ps@headings{\let\@mkboth\markboth
\def\@oddfoot{}\def\@evenfoot{}\def\@evenhead{\rm \thepage\hfil \sl
\leftmark}\def\@oddhead{\hbox{}\sl \rightmark \hfil
\rm\thepage}\def\sectionmark##1{\markboth {\uppercase{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth
>\z@
 \thesection\hskip 1em\relax \fi ##1}}{}}\def\subsectionmark##1{\markright
{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\@ne
 \thesubsection\hskip 1em\relax \fi ##1}}}
\else \def\ps@headings{\let\@mkboth\markboth
\def\@oddfoot{}\def\@evenfoot{}\def\@oddhead{\hbox {}\sl \rightmark \hfil
\rm\thepage}\def\sectionmark##1{\markright {\uppercase{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth
>\z@
 \thesection\hskip 1em\relax \fi ##1}}}}
\fi
\def\ps@myheadings{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
\def\@oddhead{\hbox{}\sl\rightmark \hfil
\rm\thepage}\def\@oddfoot{}\def\@evenhead{\rm \thepage\hfil\sl\leftmark\hbox
{}}\def\@evenfoot{}\def\sectionmark##1{}\def\subsectionmark##1{}}


\def\today{\ifcase\month\or
 January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
 July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
 \space\number\day, \number\year}

\ps@plain \pagenumbering{arabic} \onecolumn \if@twoside\else\raggedbottom\fi 


\marginparwidth .0in 
\marginparsep .0pt 
\topmargin -.25in 
\headheight 0in 
\headsep 0in 
\footheight 0pt 
\footskip 6pt 
\parindent 1pc
\parskip 0pt
\oddsidemargin -.26in 
\textheight 8.85in 
\textwidth 6.95in 
\hsize=\textwidth
\vsize=\textheight
\columnsep 1.5pc
\fboxrule=1pt
\fboxsep=1pt




\def\fnsymbol#1{\ifcase#1\or *\or \dagger\or \ddagger
   \or **\or \dagger\dagger  \or \ddagger\ddagger 
   \or ***\or \dagger\dagger\dagger  \or \ddagger\ddagger\ddagger 
   \else\@ctrerr\fi\relax}

\def\thefootnote{ \ifnum \value{footnote}
>6\setcounter{footnote}{0} \fnsymbol{\value{footnote}} \else
\fnsymbol{\value{footnote}} \fi} 

\setcounter{footnote}{2}




\setcounter{topnumber}{2}
\def\topfraction{.7}
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{1}
\def\bottomfraction{.3}
\setcounter{totalnumber}{3}
\def\textfraction{.05}
\def\floatpagefraction{.95}
\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2}
\def\dbltopfraction{.95}
\def\dblfloatpagefraction{.95}


% LaTeX does not provide a command to enter the authors institute
% addresses. The \institute command is defined here.

\newcounter{@inst}
\newcounter{@auth}

\def\institute#1{\gdef\@institute{#1}}

\def\institutename{\par
 \begingroup
 \parskip=\z@
 \parindent=\z@
 \setcounter{@inst}{1}%
 \def\and{\par\stepcounter{@inst}%
 \noindent$^{\the@inst}$\enspace\ignorespaces}%
 \setbox0=\vbox{\def\thanks##1{}\@institute}%
 \ifnum\c@@inst=1\relax
 \else
   \setcounter{footnote}{\c@@inst}%
   \setcounter{@inst}{1}%
   \noindent$^{\the@inst}$\enspace
 \fi
 \ignorespaces
 \@institute\par
 \endgroup}

\def\@thanks{}


\def\inst#1{\unskip$^{#1}$}
\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ifcase#1\or\star\or{\star\star}\or{\star\star\star}%
   \or \dagger\or \ddagger\or
   \mathchar "278\or \mathchar "27B\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger
   \or \ddagger\ddagger\else\@ctrerr\fi\relax}


\def\subtitle#1{\gdef\@subtitle{#1}}
\def\@subtitle{}
